There are a large amount among the worms (more than 260 species) of parasitic shapes, belonging to the raven and round worms.Parasitic worms are long known to scientific helicoptions, in this regard, the branch of parasitology, which studies them, called helminthology.With the expression of "Helminths", the word "worms", descending from the Latin root, matched in meaning, which means "slippery".
Representatives of the pathogenic parasitic diseases belong to the kingdom of animals.They are parasing on other living beings (plants, mushrooms, animals), and thus science has arisen parasitology dealing with the study of all parasitic organisms.It is a general parasitology, and helminthology is already different from it, ie science studying diseases caused by parasitic worms.
For the development of parasitic worms, the owner must be required, ie creature whose body is constant or temporary parasite habitat and at the same time as the source of its diet.The parasite owners are divided into medium (in them Helminth passes larva phase) and final (in them and only in them, Helmint becomes sexually mature, invasive).
No organ rather than a person's tissue is unsure from the possibility of invasion by one or another helminth, but that is when the parasite is already in the human body.
Others are no less importantHelmest PropertiesNamely:
- For example, in such ancient Helmint, as ascaride, it is necessary to take into account the action of its anti-fittings - antipepsins and anti-cases that violate the digestive process.The volatile substances contained in the internal liquid ascaride causes various toxic allergic reactions: urticaria, bronchospasm and convulsions, lacrimation and headaches;
- Development phase (eggs, larva, change of owner);
- It seems sexual reproduction, in which the exchange of genetic information is happening, which is the highest stage of development, which leads to an increase in heterogeneous population, ie they become less vulnerable and achieved, is more difficult for them to "reach";
- Large duration of individual life (year, and sometimes as much as the owner of the life of the parasite, which means the chronic flow of Helminthias);
- Ability to combat or modify the host's immune response, as soon as possible, the conditions for "cessation" and often occurs) and frequently) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) andoften) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) andoften) and frequently) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) often) and often) and often) "Draza" restrained high-lived immune system;
- The presence of one or second chancellation of the immune response is weak and unstable, which means that practically no immunoprophylaxis methods are practically;
- Widest distribution, many habitats (water, soil, air, plants, etc.);
- Ability eggs to persevere in an external environment (year) for a long time.
These properties allow one or another to survive in seemingly "inhuman conditions."
The incidence of Helminthize in the world is extremely high: from nearly 6 billion people who live on the planet is now 4 billion affected by one or other Helminthose type and given the "carriers" several parasites at once, the image will become even more impressive.
Body reaction
A person with his powerful set of compensatory adaptive reactions, immune systems, various specific protective barriers and susceptible miles, cannot respond to his presence, although almost asymptomatic stream of helminthiasis is sometimes noticed.But that is extremely rare, and most often can be identified:
- Various toxic allergic reactions, often skin.Moreover, if the cause of such reactions remains unfortunate, and then clinical manifestations take place, primarily a thorough examination for the presence of Herminthic invasion;
- Neuropsychiatric disorders.They are caused by helium invasion, in which toxic substances are constantly ingested, maintaining a certain level of toxins, leading to irritability, emotional abilities, "unmotivated" outbreaks, persistence, fast fatigue and sleeping disorders.The necessary general weakness is characteristic.One of the patients, athlete, complained that he did not have "there is no strength to handle a friend's hand in a meeting";
- DYPEPTIC SYNING: Diverse, from ephemeral for manifest symptoms, including abdominal discomfort, often rare localization and intensity, crumpling and inflation in abdomen;and the change of appetite as in the direction of collection (one of the reasons in the invasive doctor is "good appetite" means I am healthy ") and a significant decrease in appetite, to anorexia; this is the development of a multifacritorial deep disbiosis;
- Many Helminths feed on the blood of the owner, and that Hemofapi, are absorbed by vitamin B12 and disrupt the absorption of anti -emic substances in a thin hose, damage the intestinal mucosa often and shallow, but in a large area.All this leads to chronic blood loss, and in some cases the development of anemia (anemia).Here you need to take into account the inhibit effect of toxins on hematopoietic organs, which is also important in the development of anemia.Helminthiases is often discovered by the increased content of eosinophiles (leukococi cells actively involved in allergic reactions);
- The presence of Herminthic invasion, subject to the development of anemia, especially in children, can lead to rare growth and physical underdevelopment, possible even with increased appetite;
- In children, different toxic-allergic reactions after vaccination often, during the planned vaccinations;
- Helminthose often provokes the deterioration of chronic diseases, while the location of Helminth and the location of the interested body can be completely different in the localization in the body;
- Sometimes, in general, it is not very often, and maybe the principle is initiated that "is not profitable for any parasite that his victim eventually lost and despised," but, however, the conditions are incompatible with the owner's life.For example, with liver ehinococcosis, brain finose.It should be noted that even pathogenicity Helminths fluctuates widely depending on the parasitism object.For example, for a person Echinocok is extremely dangerous, and the cattle certainly lives for many years with bodies that are piloted with onaccular bubbles that reach mass several kilograms.
Characterization of parasitic worms
Helminths in the human body does not multiply, except the species like cutters, Tapeene dwarfs.Helmint enters the body in the form of eggs or larvaes.The direct infection of people affected by Helminthees does not appear, except those who are cantigyes (gimonocepidosis, entorodio).
Infection of other hemicals occurs or through soil (dirty hands - hoses - ascaridosis) or when the skin contacts with soil (structomomosome) or water (shawowaryhosichosis, diffylobootoosorios).
In the body, helminths lives in various bodies and tissues: in the intestines - ascarides, pinworms, tapeworms, tape;In the liver - Echinokocci, Opisturchi;in the muscles - trichinel;In the lungs - paragonimus, blood - philles, schistosomi.
Folija from Olistarchus Filineus
Infection of people or animals occurs when you eat raw or dried fish: ya, roach, bream.The bicondelog is parasiticized in the liver and the hips of a person, dog, cats.Changes in the liver are characterized by jaundice, hepatitis, gushing stones, cirrhosis.For the purpose of prevention, it is not recommended to eat raw or chilled fish.
Pulmonary Bicarry Paragonus Westermani
These bicds live in pairs in the lungs, into cysts formed in the smallest bronchio.The owners are man, cat, dog, pig.
The infection occurs when you eat affected crude crabs or crabs.The bicondelog penetrates the abdominal cavity and then through the diaphragm - in the lungs.The clinic is characterized by a stubborn cough, especially in the morning, with the emptying of the rusty color, possible with the addition of blood.When metastases of eggs or parasites, liver, spleen, brain affected.With the damage to the brain, the clinic depends on the location of the parasites (convulsive syndrome, paralysis, seizures).
For preventive purposes, it is not recommended to eat raw crabs and crabs.
The second class includes flat worms are ribbons, which in turn is divided into cassettes and chains.
The ribbons in the state of overlap are residents of intestines.
With similar characteristics inherent in the worms, there are also significant differences between the tape and strips.This is especially important in the diagnostic plan, when necessary to identify parasites.
In ribbons, helmint - releases a wide tape (Difillobotrium Latum), which causes a disease called diphylobotriosis.The tape is wide - giant helmintha, reached in length of 15 m.It is a slaughterhouse parasite, lives in the thin hose of a person, dogs, cats.
The person is infected when eating insufficient fried or poor salty fish (river - Ruff, couples, borbot; lake - trout, liplic) with live larva.The infection often occur fresh, so - caviar living pike.Some lovers squeezed the caviar of the abdomen directly into the mouth, and with her larvae can act, causing infection.
In the clinical picture of dipallobotric, disability disorders predominate: discomfort and abdominal pain of unstable localization, Romanians, nausea, sometimes vomiting, appetite, unstable chairs.It often develops, especially with debt during diseases, anemia (anemia).With a dysplator, one of the main causes of anemia is a lack of vitamin B12.
Helmint revokes Vitamin B12 and other nutrients, I am eagerly sucking them through the entire surface of his body, which approaches the lock with a common bowel border and in this way increases the suction surface.With the development of anemia, the number of red blood cells decreases, degenerative forms appear, including macrocytes and megaloblasts.This shows that changes are still happening in the latent intervasion, which in the future can lead to malignant anemia with wax pale faces, skin, sharp weaknesses, tachycardia.
In the diagnosis of diphylobotriasis, therefore, it does not always allow the correct diagnosis, according to the cohrokopia is of great importance, which allows you to discover the eggs in the feces, which are released into the external environment 3 weeks after infection.
Eggs go out with the feces of the dog and keep her wool.They can be stated in a person's mouth and swallow if you have gained a infected dog, then take food unworthy hands.The same can happen with the dog kisses.In the northern countries where dogs are the closest domestic animal for people, echinococose in humans is quite common.
The echinococus clinic is characterized by pain pain pain in the right hypochondrium, where tumor is created with a smooth round surface and, during breathing, loop moving.As a complication of the disease, cysts or cysts, breakthroughs, accompanied by sharp pain, yoke, in advanced cases in the liver, multiple abscesses can be formed, which leads to death.
Single cysts prevail with lungs, which are located more often in the lower rise of the right lung.In the initial phase, the disease is often diagnosed by accident with X -Ray chest test.Cough, hemoptysis, chest pain occurs over time.It is noted that the growth of cyst echinococci in the lungs is often not inferior to the growth rate of malignant tumors.In the diagnosis of echinococos, the method of choice are: radiological, ultrasonic study, tomography, scanning, laparoscopy, serological methods.
Prevention is necessary to strictly observe personal hygiene rules during dog maintenance and worry for them;Be sure to wash your hands after contact with the dog;Avoid dogs on food and to its dishes;Limit direct contact of children and a dog.Wandering dogs are shocked everywhere.
The sanitary education of the population is important.
Dwarf Chain - Hymenolis Nana
A disease that causes the name of hymenolipidosis.DWARF TAPEEN is negligible in size from a wide ribbon and reaches only 1-4 cm.
It is important that the development of the Patulj Tapeworm appears in one owner, in which the larva phase passes from the beginning, then becomes sexually mature.So, a person in this case is the middle and final master.
The main habitat of Tapeworm is Ileum, and usually parasites many individuals (there are cases of finding around one and a half thousand copies in the patient).
In the clinical picture, abdominal pain, weight loss, unstable chairs, neuropsychiatric disorders (insomnia, convulsions, epileptic seizures) predominate.
The diagnosis is confirmed when eggs in the feces are confirmed and egg release is often beautiful, therefore, in the event of a negative result, it is recommended to conduct a study 2-3 times per month.
Prevention: Dwarf is parasiticized mainly in children, therefore, in a children's institution in which patients were discovered, all children and staff are needed and staff for the presence of this Helmint Invasion.This also applies to family members.
Widespread non -dimeosis is such a Helmint Invasion as Ascariasis
Cancel agent is a human randy.Ancient Russian name ascarids is a string.Figurative folk tongue with this name, descending from the word "string", accurately characterized by the flexibility and elasticity of Helminth.Human infection arises when mature, invasive eggs with soil particles, when eating poorly washed vegetables and berries, infected fruit, sometimes when drinking water from open tanks.
Askarides relate to "restless" helmints, their activity and mobility is a common cause of atypical localization.They are able to introduce the addition, causing the development of acute appendicipation;in liver and pancreatic channels with the development of fever, liver, anxiety, jaundice, in advanced cases - on the liver break;Trachey can reach the upper respiratory roads, causing the asphyxiation of nasal passages, and even eustachian pipes.An intestinal obstruction caused by the tubes of ascaride, or due to reflex spasm of the intestine, is not excluded, not even in the presence of individual parasites.
The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of eggs in the feces, but it must be borne in mind that ascaroids eggs are absent in the guts in the presence of immature or old women, as well as they parased some males, observed in 3.5% of cases.Prevention: Vegetables and fruits before meals should be thoroughly washed and scored with boiling water, not recommended to drink unimportant water.
Another type of nematodosis is enterobioz.This disease causes vermicular cutter.
In addition to the difficult itchy skin in the periana region, irritation and comb water to polymorphic dermatitis.Maybe penworm penetration and colors in urogenital trails, vagina in women.Functional changes in the guts are characteristic: pain in the right Iliak region, diarrhea, reduced appetite, as well as nervous system disorders with headache, bad sleep, irritability, performance reduction.
In the diagnosis of enterobio, the fact that patients are often the notes themselves that the pintor edition is important.The pin in the intestines does not lay eggs, so they are extremely rare in the gut movement.The main diagnostic method is perianal scraping in different changes, the "sticky ribbon" method.
To prevent enterobiosis, it is necessary to refuse children to nibble, suck and lick their fingers.Nails should be briefly interrupted and followed by their purity.It is often necessary to put a room with wet cleansing and ventilation.Chairs, floor toilets and night pots pour out the statue with water.
The main methods of treatment
- Pumpkin seeds
- Male slippers extract, pumpkin seeds, dichlorophen
- Nut
- Wort St.John is perforated
- Devyasil is high
- 1 TSP.Suva rhizomes from the bark insist 8 hours in 1 glass of cooled cooked water, strain.Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day 20 minutes before eating.
- Cook 20 g Rizom roots in 1 glass of water, insist 4 hours, strain.Take 1 tbsp.l.3-4 times a day 20 minutes before eating.
- Carrot
- Resolve several root crops on the greuter or pass through the meat mill;Squeeze the juice.Fresh juice before using a mixture with honey or sugar to taste.Take 1 tbsp.l.2 times a day in the morning - on an empty stomach and in the evening 1-1-1.5 hours before meals.
- 3 tbsp.l.Boil a grated carrot in 1 glass of milk.Take a carrot with 1 tsp.l.3-4 times a day before meals.
- KODRAČA
- Tansy
- Mary is anti -clad
- Birch is a nipple
- 1 TSP.Breći buds insist on 1 hour in 1/2 cup boiling water, strain.The infusion is divided into 3 parts.Drink all part per day in 3 doses.
- Cook 5 g bires, 15 minutes in 1 glass of water, insist on 1 hour, strain.Take 15--20 drops of water 2-3 times a day.
- Daisy
- Dandelion
- 1 TSP.Roots and dandelion herbs are infused in 1 hour in 1 cup boiling water, strain.Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day 1/2 hours before eating.
- Damage root powder (take the dose set on top of the knife) with water 3 times a day 1/2 hours before meals.
- Mistletoe
- 1 TSP.Insist on interrupts in 1 glass of cold cooked water.Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day.
- Cook 30 g in 1 liter of water.Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day.
- Hazel nut
- Garlic is sown
- Siberian Arish
- Male pick
- Timyan plain (garden thyme)
- Pumpkin
- Pamegranat
Mechanism of action: Changes the motor activity of the parasite, causing the first relaxation, and then a muscle contraction.At the same time, due to waves withdrawals, Helminth is ejected.
Method of application and dose
Inside.They are used mainly in the presence of contraindicates on the use of a male extract papernal.2 days before treatment, daily cleaning is prescribed daily in the morning and salt laxative on the eve of the evening.On the day of treatment, on an empty stomach, they put a mine regardless of the presence of a chair.
Method of application and dose
Inside, children-0.25-0.5 g, adult-1,0--1.5 g;once a day.Water 5-7 daily treatment courses with a 7-day interval.It was prescribed a month later, the antifuli flow of treatment was prescribed.
Method of application
3 TSP.Dry leaves insist in 2 cups of boiling water for 20-30 minutes.Drink warm in a few tricks like tea.
Method of application
10 g Suve Sv.John Wort brood beer in 1 cup boiling water, insist.Take 1 tsp 2-4 times a day after a meal.
Method of application
Method of application
Dried black wood flowers are used in medical practice.They rub into mortar and are taken in the sugar, jam, honey, 5 g "citvar seeds" (for adults) 3 times a day 1.5-2 hours before meals for 2 days;After the last reception at night, a laxative is prescribed.
Side phenomena for the carrier: vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, oppression of breathing and heart activity.
Basically, due to toxicity, it is used in adults, not in children.Centers and essential oil have anthelmontic effect against nematodes, especially in force for ascaridosis and enrobiosis.For this purpose, dried flowers can be taken in the form of powder, in the form of infusion (1:10), as well as in enema from the top of the top.And 1 tablespoon.l.3 times a day (with ascaridosis and enterobioz).
Method of application
1 TSP.Dry top Marie Anti-Leasass, along with fruit, insist on 2 cups of boiling water, stress.Take 1 tbsp.l.3 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
The kidney decoction has an anthelmintic effect in round worms.
Method of application
The decoction is used to eject small worms.
Method of application
2 TSP.Insisting plants with a floral basket of all 4 hours in 1 cup boiling water, strain.Take 1 tbsp.l.3-4 times a day.To use a stronger infusion for washing and lotions.
All parts of the plant have an anthelment effect.
Method of application
Omel has anthelmintic (on round worms).
Method of application
Walnut oil is taken inside as an antelmutal agent for Ascaride.
Hot decoction of garlic is used for Anthelmintic Commas.With a scrub, a slice of garlic, which kills parasites is introduced in the anus.
The turpentine is obtained from Arisha.In folk medicine, turpentine is used in as a medicine for tape worms.
Rhizomes have a very effective effect on the worm tape.
Timol is obtained from the essential oil of the plant, which acts on the ribbon of the worms, paralyzing muscles.
Purified seeds with gray green leather, lost and mixed with water, are consumed on the worm cord (Tapeworm).
Method of application
Pumpkin seeds take on an empty stomach;Adult dose - 150-200 g, children - 50-100 g.
Adults are the prescribed decoction of 500 g of undiscovered seeds, children 10 years of 300.0 g, 5-7 years from 2000 g, up to 5 years - from 100--150.0 g.
Consistent purpose of pumpkin seeds in a conventional dose and extract ferns in small doses (adults 2.5-3.0 g, children under age) increases treatment efficiency.FERN extract is prescribed for an hour after taking pumpkin seeds, and after taking the Pope extract, a laxative is given.
Root bark and branch branch has a strong paralyzed effect on the tape.
Method of application
1 TSP.Try skin perpetrability (peel) fruit or flowers pomegranate in 1 glass of water, insist 2 hours, strain.Take 1 tbsp.l.3 times a day before meals.
It is necessary to start treatment as soon as possible.